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SUMMARY:The Heart of the Brain: the hypothalamus and its hormones - Gareth
  Leng (Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences\, The Univerity of Edinburgh)
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190524T130000
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190524T140000
UID:https://new.talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/27d2bf56-429b-4998-852c-2bcd4523a4
 6d/
DESCRIPTION:Most neurons in the hypothalamus make and secrete at least one
  peptide in addition to a conventional neurotransmitter and other intercel
 lular messengers. Probably the most extensively characterized of these are
  the oxytocin and vasopressin neurones of the hypothalamus. Their evolutio
 n has been traced back to a single multisensory multifunctional cell type 
 in Urbilateria\, wormlike marine organisms that are the last common ancest
 or of vertebrates\, flies\, and worms. In Urbilateria\, peptide-secreting 
 cells probably responded to cues from the ancient marine environment. Thes
 e earliest neurons combined properties that we have thought of as separate
  properties of endocrine cells and neurons. They used a diversity of signa
 ling mechanisms\, made both peptides and neurotransmitters\, and were endo
 wed with a wide range of specialized senses. They had not a single role to
  which they were committed\, but multiple behavioral and physiological fun
 ctions. The neurons of the hypothalamus have retained the multifunctionali
 ty of their distant ancestors\, and their multitude of sensory abilities (
 1). Magnocellular oxytocin neurons regulate milk ejection\, parturition\, 
 and sodium excretion by what they secrete into the blood (2). They also go
 vern reproductive and appetitive behaviors\, and these are governed recipr
 ocally\, not by the oxytocin that is released into the blood but by oxytoc
 in released from dendrites. They are sensitive to multiple chemical cues f
 rom the internal environment—they have receptors for glucocorticoids and
  gonadal steroids\, and for leptin\, prolactin\, and insulin\, as well as 
 for many of the peptides released from the brain itself. But to make sense
  of how single cell populations can simultaneously regulate diverse functi
 ons we have to separate hype from hope (3)\, sense from nonsense (4)\, and
  understand the mechanistic basis of independent regulation of secretion f
 rom different neuronal compartments (1\, 5).\n\n1.	Leng\, G (2018) The Hea
 rt of the Brain: the hypothalamus and its hormones. MIT Press\n2.	Leng G\,
  Pineda Reyes R\, Sabatier N\, Ludwig M (2015) 60 YEARS OF NEUROENDOCRINOL
 OGY: The posterior pituitary: from Geoffrey Harris to our present understa
 nding. J Endocrinol 226:T173-85. \n3.	Leng G\, Ludwig M (2016) Intranasal 
 oxytocin: myths and delusions. BiolPsychiatry 79:243-50. \n4.	Leng G\, Sab
 atier N (2016) Measuring oxytocin and vasopressin: bioassays\, immunoassay
 s and random numbers. J Neuroendocrinol. (10).\n5.	Leng G\, Sabatier N (20
 17) Oxytocin - The Sweet Hormone? Trends Endocrinol Metab. 28:365-376\nSpe
 akers:\nGareth Leng (Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences\, The Univerity o
 f Edinburgh)
LOCATION:Sherrington Building (Large Lecture Theatre)\, off Parks Road OX1
  3PT
TZID:Europe/London
URL:https://new.talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/27d2bf56-429b-4998-852c-2bcd4523a4
 6d/
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DESCRIPTION:Talk:The Heart of the Brain: the hypothalamus and its hormones
  - Gareth Leng (Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences\, The Univerity of Edi
 nburgh)
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